Prevalence

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In epidemiology, the prevalence of a disease in a statistical population is defined asthe total number of cases of the disease in the population at a given time, or the total number of cases in the population, divided by the number of individuals in the population.

For example, the prevalence of obesity among American adults in 2001 was estimated by the U. S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) at approximately 20.9%. In plain English, "prevalence" simply means "proportion" (typically expressed as a percentage).

Prevalence is useful because it is a measure of the commonality of disease. It helps physician with the probability of certain diagnosis and is routinely used by epidemiology, health care providers, government agencies, and insurance companies.

Prevalence is distinct from incidence (epidemiology), which is a measure of the number of new cases. Prevalence involves all affected individuals, regardless of the date of contraction; whereas incidence only involves individuals who have newly contracted the disease during a specified time interval.

To illustrate,a long term disease that was spread widely in a community in 2002 will have a high prevalence in 2003 (assuming it has a long duration) but it might have a low incidence rate in 2003. Conversely, a disease that is easily transmitted but has a short duration may have a low prevalence and a high incidence. Prevalence is a useful parameter when talking about long lasting infections, such as HIV, but incidence is more useful when talking about infections of short duration, such as chickenpox.

Lifetime prevalence (LTP) is the number of individuals in a statistical population that at some point in their life (up to the time of assessment) have experienced a "case" (e.g., a disorder), compared to the total number of individuals (i.e. it is expressed as a ratio or percentage). Often, a 12-month prevalence (or some other type of "period prevalence") is used in conjunction with lifetime prevalence. There is also point prevalence, the prevalence of disorder at a more specific (a month or less) point in time. There is also a related figure lifetime morbid risk - the theoretical prevalance at any point in life for anyone, regardless of time of assessment. (example: Synopsis of article on "How Prevalent Is Schizophrenia?" from Public Library of Science)

See also

Incidence (epidemiology)
Rare disease
Epidemiology glossary

Incidence (epidemiology)
Rare disease
Epidemiology glossary

Prevalence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
edit] Definition. In epidemiology, the prevalence of a disease in a statistical population is defined as the total number of cases of the disease in the population at a given time ...

Definition: prevalence from Online Medical Dictionary
The Online Medical Dictionary is a searchable dictionary of definitions from medicine, science and technology.

Prevalence
Prevalence ... Prevalence . This is a measure of the proportion of people in a population who have a disease at a point in time, or over some period of time.

The British Gambling Prevalence Survey · Gambling Commission
Prevalence survey ... The British Gambling Prevalence Survey. The British Gambling Prevalence Survey is a large-scale nationally representative survey of participation in gambling ...

Diabetes prevalence 2006 - Diabetes UK
Reports and statistics Diabetes prevalence 2006. Prevalence refers to the number of people currently diagnosed with diabetes. Quality and Outcomes Framework

PRIMIS+: Prevalence Figures for 2007
PRIMIS+: 2006 Prevalence Figures ... PRIMIS+ Prevalence Figures. Prevalence is the total number of cases of a disease in a given population at a specific time.

Diabetes prevalence 2007 - Diabetes UK
Reports and statistics Diabetes prevalence 2007. Prevalence refers to the number of people currently diagnosed with diabetes. Quality and Outcomes Framework

prevalence - definition of prevalence in the Medical dictionary - by ...
prevalence /prev·a·lence/ (prev´ah-lins) the number of cases of a specific disease present in a given population at a certain time. prev·a·lence (pr v-l ns)

The EPIDEMIOLOGY of STROKE - Incidence & Prevalence
The EPIDEMIOLOGY of STROKE - Incidence & Prevalence 27/04/99. Click here to start

Prevalence - Thiakis
The World Health Organisation estimates that globally there are more than one billion overweight adults, of which at least 300 million are clinically obese.